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Here are some different research areas, for which research has been performed:= Other pages = * [[Lunar Hotels]]

Vehicles [edit section]

= Vehicles === SpaceX Starship == * [[Starship passenger volume]]

Lunar vehicles [edit section]

== Lunar vehicles == * NASA has selected 3 companies to bid on the next generation lunar rover   * https://www.space.com/nasa-lunar-terrain-vehicle-artemis-moon-rover-contracts

Astrolab/Venturi Lunar Terrain Vehicle (FLEX) [edit section]

• https://youtu.be/SfT6HIc9OPw
• video of FLEX operations on the moon * Features: * supports manned and unmanned operation * supports operation while drive is standing * supports cargo transport and deployment * has a big empty center for holding crates * has an arm to deploy items * see tests of FLEX on earth here: * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYsGylmibac * this has nice closeups of the robot ARM, and payload deployment

=== Astrolab/Venturi Lunar Terrain Vehicle (FLEX) === * https://videos.space.com/m/C9AHWPxU/astrolabs-lunar-terrain-vehicle-next-gen-moon-roving * https://youtu.be/SfT6HIc9OPw - video of FLEX operations on the moon * Features:   * supports manned and unmanned operation   * supports operation while drive is standing   * supports cargo transport and deployment     * has a big empty center for holding crates     * has an arm to deploy items * see tests of FLEX on earth here:   * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYsGylmibac   * this has nice closeups of the robot ARM, and payload deployment

Vehicle Technologies [edit section]

== Vehicle Technologies ===== Artificial Gravity === See [[Artificial Gravity]]

space stations [edit section]

• Vast Unveils Final Design for Haven-1... (video)

= space stations === VAST Haven ==See httsp://vastspace.com/ * Haven-1 - 2025    * launched on Falcon-9 in 2025   * populated by Dragon capsule with 4-person crew in 2025, for up to 30-day mission   * plan to do lunar gravity simulation (with rotation?)   * Resources:     * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haven-1     * [[https://youtu.be/fwR5sSOSYhk|Mission Overview: Haven-1 and Vast-1 (video)]]     * [[https://youtu.be/efSaGWcmLgQ|Vast Unveils Final Design for Haven-1... (video)]]

• Haven-2 - (2029-2032) * https://interestingengineering.com/space/vast-haven-2-potential-iss-successor * larger Haven-2 modules, eventually building to 8 parts with a central core (9 launches) * also plan auxiliary stuff - robot arm, ports for experimental payloads

 * Haven-2 - (2029-2032)   * https://interestingengineering.com/space/vast-haven-2-potential-iss-successor   * larger Haven-2 modules, eventually building to 8 parts with a central core (9 launches)   * also plan auxiliary stuff - robot arm, ports for experimental payloads

Moon Information [edit section]

• compare to earth's crust, which is: 46% oxygen, 28% silicon, 8% aluminum, 5.6% iron, 4% calcium, 2.3% sodium, 2.3% magnesium * source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth%27s_crust

= Moon Information === Moon composition == The crust consists of 43% oxygen, 20% silicon, 19% magnesium, 10% iron, 3% calcium, 3% aluminum, and trace amounts of other elements, including chromium (0.42%), titanium (0.18%), manganese (0.12%),  * source: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-the-moon-made-of-604005  * compare to earth's crust, which is: 46% oxygen, 28% silicon, 8% aluminum, 5.6% iron, 4% calcium, 2.3% sodium, 2.3% magnesium    * source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth%27s_crust

It should be noted that the moon in incredibly carbon-poor, meaning there'snot a good natural source for making methane-based fuels on the moon.

Lunar Materials and Resources [edit section]

== Lunar Materials and Resources ==

Water [edit section]

• see https://ceramics.org/ceramic-tech-today/aeronautics-space/uncovering-secrets-of-the-moon-the-role-of-glass-beads-in-the-lunar-surface-water-cycle/

== Water ===== impact glass beads === * impact glass beads = at most 130ml of water per cubic meter of lunar surface regolith   * it should be easy to extract (heat IGB to over 100C and distill moisture)   * see https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/mar/27/glass-beads-on-moon-surface-hold-billions-of-tonnes-of-water-scientists-say   * see https://ceramics.org/ceramic-tech-today/aeronautics-space/uncovering-secrets-of-the-moon-the-role-of-glass-beads-in-the-lunar-surface-water-cycle/

water from solar wind (Hydrogen) and Oxygen [edit section]

• "Want to make water on the moon, the solar wind could help" * https://www.space.com/solar-wind-may-make-water-on-moon.html

== water from solar wind (Hydrogen) and Oxygen == * "NASA Scientists Show How Ingredients for Water Could Be Made on Surface of Moon, a 'Chemical Factory' - NASA"   * https://www.nasa.gov/missions/nasa-scientists-show-how-ingredients-for-water-could-be-made-on-surface-of-moon-a-chemical-factory/ * "Want to make water on the moon, the solar wind could help"   * https://www.space.com/solar-wind-may-make-water-on-moon.html

density of solar wind [edit section]

=== density of solar wind === * Near the Earth's orbit at 1 astronomical unit (AU) the plasma flows at speeds ranging from 250 to 750 km/s (155–404 mi/s) with a density ranging between 3 and 10 particles per cubic centimeter and temperature ranging from 104 to 106 Kelvin   * source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind

Lunar Construction materials [edit section]

== Lunar Construction materials ===== Glass === * [[Space Windows]] - materials used for windows in space

Mining [edit section]

• discusses technology and strategies or building factories that grow in scope * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Space_Transport_and_Engineering_Methods
• https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Danielravennest/papers/Mars21 - intro, including discussion of Mars

== Mining ==See these interesting online books/studies about seed factories for earth and space: * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Seed_Factories - discusses technology and strategies or building factories that grow in scope * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Space_Transport_and_Engineering_Methods * https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Danielravennest/papers/Mars21 - intro, including discussion of Mars

Habitats [edit section]

== Habitats ==See the [[file:Space_Architecture_Research_Booklet_Final.pdf]]

Costs [edit section]

= Costs =How much will rockets, landers, bases, equipment and transportation coston the moon?

Rocket costs [edit section]

== Rocket costs == * Starship test articles are estimated to cost about $100 million per ship (including booster)   * Likely, a fully-equipped Starship might be about $100 million, all by itself (that's a guess, though)

Lunar transfer costs [edit section]

== Lunar transfer costs ==

• Astrobotic Payload Users Guide * https://www.astrobotic.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/PUGLanders_011222.pdf * has good information about costs, details of issues that landers deal with * orbits, prices, capabilities, configurations, propulsion * environment: vibration, radiation, thermal, power, humidity, pressure, clean-room (anti-contamination), electrical, etc. * operations * $1.2 million per kg to the Lunar Surface * $4.5 million per kg to the Lunar Surface on a rover * Peregrine lander * Griffin lander

 * Astrobotic Payload Users Guide   * https://www.astrobotic.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/PUGLanders_011222.pdf   * has good information about costs, details of issues that landers deal with     * orbits, prices, capabilities, configurations, propulsion     * environment: vibration, radiation, thermal, power, humidity, pressure, clean-room (anti-contamination), electrical, etc.     * operations   * $1.2 million per kg to the Lunar Surface   * $4.5 million per kg to the Lunar Surface on a rover   * Peregrine lander   * Griffin lander

Dangers [edit section]

= Dangers === Meteors and meteorites ===== meteorite material stats ===How much meteorite material hits the earth each day: * See https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/is-it-dusty-in-here-or-is-it-just-the-14-tons-of-meteorite-dust-that-settles-to-earth-every

• 100 tons per day of meteor materials hits the earth - most ends up in the atmosphere * 14 tons per day of very small meteorites * 10 tons per day of meteorites large enough to see

 * 100 tons per day of meteor materials hits the earth - most ends up in the atmosphere * 14 tons per day of very small meteorites * 10 tons per day of meteorites large enough to see

• 80% of solar system dust is from comets (essentially evaporating) * See https://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.2983.pdf (regarding the origin of dust and micro-meteorites that comprise the Zodiacal cloud) * In particular, it seems to come from Jupiter Family Comets (JFCs)

 * 80% of solar system dust is from comets (essentially evaporating)   * See https://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.2983.pdf (regarding the origin of dust and micro-meteorites that comprise the Zodiacal cloud)     * In particular, it seems to come from Jupiter Family Comets (JFCs)

• 60% of micrometeorites in Antarctica are believed to be from comets: * See https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/antarctic-study-shows-how-much-space-dust-hits-earth-every-year/

 * 60% of micrometeorites in Antarctica are believed to be from comets:   * See https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/antarctic-study-shows-how-much-space-dust-hits-earth-every-year/

How much meteorite material hits the moon each day: * 2800 lbs?

LRO measurements indicate more meteor hits than expected * https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/earths-moon-hit-by-surprising-number-of-meteoroids/ * Surface may turn over every 81,000 years, instead of every few million years, due to secondary splotches from primary impacts

Antarctica stations [edit section]

= Antarctica stations =There will likely be a lot of similarities between tourism and stations inAntarctica, and tourism and stations on the moon. * See [[Antarctica Info]]

Social and societal aspects of space travel, industry and colonization [edit section]

= Social and societal aspects of space travel, industry and colonization =This is a pretty interesting read: * https://www.space.com/responsible-space-settlement-benefit-humanity

Check back on this research - planned for 2024 and 2025: * https://bassconnections.duke.edu/project-teams/future-space-settlements-lessons-history-2024-2025

interstellar travel [edit section]

= interstellar travel= [[Interstellar Travel]]

Ways to make money in space [edit section]

= Ways to make money in space === Solar Power ==== Data Centers ==Here's a good article with resources for calculating the cost/benefits forfeasibility of Space-based data centers.

See https://andrewmccalip.com/space-datacenters== Tourism ==

Asteroid Mining [edit section]

== Asteroid Mining ==

Manufacturing [edit section]

== Manufacturing ==