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Here are some different research areas, for which research has been performed:
= Other pages =
 * [[Lunar Hotels]]

= Vehicles =
== SpaceX Starship ==
 * [[Starship passenger volume]]

== Lunar vehicles ==
 * NASA has selected 3 companies to bid on the next generation lunar rover
   * https://www.space.com/nasa-lunar-terrain-vehicle-artemis-moon-rover-contracts
=== Astrolab/Venturi Lunar Terrain Vehicle (FLEX) ===
 * https://videos.space.com/m/C9AHWPxU/astrolabs-lunar-terrain-vehicle-next-gen-moon-roving
 * https://youtu.be/SfT6HIc9OPw - video of FLEX operations on the moon
 * Features:
   * supports manned and unmanned operation
   * supports operation while drive is standing
   * supports cargo transport and deployment
     * has a big empty center for holding crates
     * has an arm to deploy items

== Vehicle Technologies ==
=== Artificial Gravity ===
 See [[Artificial Gravity]]



= space stations =
== VAST Haven ==
See httsp://vastspace.com/
 * Haven-1 - 2025
    * launched on Falcon-9 in 2025
   * populated by Dragon capsule with 4-person crew in 2025, for up to 30-day mission
   * plan to do lunar gravity simulation (with rotation?)
   * Resources:
     * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haven-1
     * [[https://youtu.be/fwR5sSOSYhk|Mission Overview: Haven-1 and Vast-1 (video)]]
     * [[https://youtu.be/efSaGWcmLgQ|Vast Unveils Final Design for Haven-1... (video)]]

 * Haven-2 - (2029-2032)
   * https://interestingengineering.com/space/vast-haven-2-potential-iss-successor
   * larger Haven-2 modules, eventually building to 8 parts with a central core (9 launches)
   * also plan auxiliary stuff - robot arm, ports for experimental payloads
   
= Moon Information =
== Moon composition ==
 The crust consists of 43% oxygen, 20% silicon, 19% magnesium, 10% iron, 3% calcium, 3% aluminum, and trace amounts of other elements, including chromium (0.42%), titanium (0.18%), manganese (0.12%),
  * source: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-the-moon-made-of-604005
  * compare to earth's crust, which is: 46% oxygen, 28% silicon, 8% aluminum, 5.6% iron, 4% calcium, 2.3% sodium, 2.3% magnesium
    * source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth%27s_crust


== Lunar Materials and Resources ==

== Water ==
=== impact glass beads ===
 * impact glass beads = at most 130ml of water per cubic meter of lunar surface regolith
   * it should be easy to extract (heat IGB to over 100C and distill moisture)
   * see https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/mar/27/glass-beads-on-moon-surface-hold-billions-of-tonnes-of-water-scientists-say
   * see https://ceramics.org/ceramic-tech-today/aeronautics-space/uncovering-secrets-of-the-moon-the-role-of-glass-beads-in-the-lunar-surface-water-cycle/

== water from solar wind (Hydrogen) and Oxygen ==
 * "NASA Scientists Show How Ingredients for Water Could Be Made on Surface of Moon, a 'Chemical Factory' - NASA"
   * https://www.nasa.gov/missions/nasa-scientists-show-how-ingredients-for-water-could-be-made-on-surface-of-moon-a-chemical-factory/
 * "Want to make water on the moon, the solar wind could help"
   * https://www.space.com/solar-wind-may-make-water-on-moon.html

=== density of solar wind ===
 * Near the Earth's orbit at 1 astronomical unit (AU) the plasma flows at speeds ranging from 250 to 750 km/s (155–404 mi/s) with a density ranging between 3 and 10 particles per cubic centimeter and temperature ranging from 104 to 106 Kelvin
   * source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind




== Lunar Construction materials ==
=== Glass ===
 * [[Space Windows]] - materials used for windows in space

= Costs =
How much will rockets, landers, bases, equipment and transportation cost
on the moon?

== Rocket costs ==
 * Starship test articles are estimated to cost about $100 million per ship (including booster)
   * Likely, a fully-equipped Starship might be about $100 million, all by itself (that's a guess, though)


== Lunar transfer costs ==

 * Astrobotic Payload Users Guide
   * https://www.astrobotic.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/PUGLanders_011222.pdf
   * has good information about costs, details of issues that landers deal with
     * orbits, prices, capabilities, configurations, propulsion
     * environment: vibration, radiation, thermal, power, humidity, pressure, clean-room (anti-contamination), electrical, etc.
     * operations
   * $1.2 million per kg to the Lunar Surface
   * $4.5 million per kg to the Lunar Surface on a rover
   * Peregrine lander
   * Griffin lander


= Dangers =
== Meteors and meteorites ==
=== meteorite material stats ===
How much meteorite material hits the earth each day:
 * See https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/is-it-dusty-in-here-or-is-it-just-the-14-tons-of-meteorite-dust-that-settles-to-earth-every

 * 100 tons per day of meteor materials hits the earth - most ends up in the atmosphere
 * 14 tons per day of very small meteorites
 * 10 tons per day of meteorites large enough to see

 * 80% of solar system dust is from comets (essentially evaporating)
   * See https://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.2983.pdf (regarding the origin of dust and micro-meteorites that comprise the Zodiacal cloud)
     * In particular, it seems to come from Jupiter Family Comets (JFCs)

 * 60% of micrometeorites in Antarctica are believed to be from comets:
   * See https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/antarctic-study-shows-how-much-space-dust-hits-earth-every-year/

How much meteorite material hits the moon each day:
 * 2800 lbs?

LRO measurements indicate moreeteor hits than expected
 * https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/earths-moon-hit-by-surprising-number-of-meteoroids/
 * Surface may turn over every 81,000 years, instead of every few million years, due to secondary splotches from primary impacts



= Antarctica stations =
There will likely be a lot of similarities between tourism and stations in
Antarctica, and tourism and stations on the moon.
 * See [[Antarctica Info]]

= Social and societal aspects of space travel, industry and colonization =
This is a pretty interesting read:
 * https://www.space.com/responsible-space-settlement-benefit-humanity

Check back on this research - planned for 2024 and 2025:
 * https://bassconnections.duke.edu/project-teams/future-space-settlements-lessons-history-2024-2025